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What are “The Four Horsemen” — and why do we focus on them?

We focus on the top 4 drivers of decline: heart disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disease — early, clearly, and personally.

Updated this week

At Fishtown Medicine, our approach to prevention is based on a simple but powerful idea: you have more control than you think. Especially when you understand what you're trying to stay ahead of.

That’s why we focus much of our long-term planning around what Dr. Peter Attia calls the Four Horsemen — the leading causes of chronic decline, suffering, and death in otherwise healthy people.


The Four Horsemen of chronic disease:

  1. Atherosclerotic disease (e.g., heart attack, stroke, vascular dementia)

  2. Cancer (especially breast, colon, prostate, and skin)

  3. Neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s)

  4. Metabolic dysfunction (e.g., insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, obesity)

These are the conditions that rob people of healthspan — the years you’re alive and feeling well.

The 4 Horsemen of Aging - And How to Outsmart Them to Add Decades to Your  Life - John M Jennings

How we help you stay ahead:

We don’t wait for diagnoses. We track subtle changes early — sometimes years before symptoms appear.

That means:

  • Reviewing your labs through a prevention lens (not just "normal" vs. "abnormal")

  • Assessing your family history, lifestyle, genomics, and inflammation patterns

  • Tracking trends in blood sugar, cholesterol subtypes, hormone status, and more

  • Supporting you in making targeted lifestyle changes while the window for impact is wide open


Why this matters:

These conditions don’t arrive overnight. They evolve over years — often silently.

By focusing on early detection, smart screening, and personalized prevention, we help you reduce the likelihood of disease and the burden of uncertainty.

You’ll know what to watch for, what to act on, and what’s most important to address — for your body, your risks, and your life.


Curious how your current health profile fits into this framework? Get your genes and advanced labs tested. We’re here to map it out with you.

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